The introduction and use of wide bandwidths and multiple antennas in modern wireless communications systems has necessitated the increasingly more detailed description of the wave propagation characteristics of the environment. Thus, the resulting channel models are more complex, modeling various aspects of the spatialand temporal domains of wave propagation. A vast literature of measurement campaigns provides insight in the behavior of the various parameters of the channel at various time-scales and length-scales, as well as their interrelations. In this tutorial, after introducing the basic concepts and requirements of channel modeling, we describe a number of channel models introduced in standards bodies (3GPP/3GPP2, IEEE 802.xx) for various (e.g. macrocellular, microcellular) environments. We compare these models with measurement results. We also discuss the complexity aspects of the various approaches of channel modeling.
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VTC-2005 Fall Tutorial Spatial Channel Models
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